Letter

McCook, July 16, 1864

HEADQUARTERS,

: Fort De Russy, D. C., July 16, 1864.

CoLoNEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations on this portion of your lines for Monday and Tuesday, 11th and 12th instant : ;

I was ordered by you to take command of Forts De Russy, Kearny, and Battery Smead Monday forenoon, but being immediately detailed by yourself toinvestigate the firing on the extreme left of your line, I did not reach the post and assume command until 2.30 p. m. On arriving at this fort I found the operations had already commenced in front of Fort Stevens ; that the forces of this post consisted of Companies C and G, One hundred and fifty-first Ohio National Guard, Maj. J. L. Williams ; Company A, First Wisconsin Heavy Artillery, Capt. Wallace M. Spear; one-half Company L, Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, Lieut.S. A. Howe. At Battery Smead, Company I, One hundred and fifty-first Regiment Ohio National Guard,

Artillery, Lieutenant French. At Fort Kearny, Company K, One hundred and fifty-first Regiment Ohio National Guard, Capt. G. M. Webb; one company Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, Lieutenant Hough.

The infantry forces were immediately placed in the most commanding parts of rifle-pits. Noticinga heavy column moving to the right, we immediately opened on it with a 100-pounder and 30-pounder Parrott, with apparently considerable effect. At the same time the enemy commenced advancing through the fields, a little to the right of our front, a considerable body of skirmishers to re-enforce their skirmishers, who had worked down in close proximity to this fort. A few well-directed shots from our artillery caused them to rapidly retire in the direction of Wilson’s house, leaving 1 man dead on the field. During the above Colonel Dayton, with his regiment of Veteran Reserve Corps, reported, 300strong. I immediately ordered him to put one-third of his force up the ravine to our right, to observe any enemy that might attempt to come in from that direction. Another one-third up the road to our left, down which considerable numbers of refugees had been coming in, and to hold the balance in reserve. Shortly after, Colonel Gile, with his brigade (four regiments) of Veteran Reserve Corps, reported. By this time the enemy had advanced their line of skirmishers down ona line witha house to our right, about 1,500 yards distant, and inside a parallel line of the left flank of the skirmishers sent out from Fort Stevens, apparently having designs on the ravine covered by two redoubts at our right, in which there were no guns.: Deeming this to be a weak and important point, although outside of your brigade line, Colonel Gile immediately ordered one of his regiments of Veteran Reserve Corps to establish their line on the crest of the first ridge. The regiment promptly formed their line and advanced, firing rapidly, and, under a heavy fire, driving the enemy’s right back, occupying their ground. I have no report of the casualties. We held the line permanently and gradually pressed the enemy’s line back until relieved next day

16 R R—VOL XXXVII, PT I by General McCook. At the same time we established our skirmish line so as to fully cover Battery Smead and Fort Kearny, and in accordance with your instructions formed a strong picket-line to the Brookeville road. The enemy were in considerable force in our front and to the left, their sharpshooters annoying our line very considerably from a large house 1,700 yards in our front, which we found it necessary to shell, the enemy having established their skirmish line on a line with said house and parallel to ours. After having established our skirmish line there was considerable activity along it. Noticing a considerable movement of the enemy in the vicinity of Wilson’s house, on the Seventh-street road, we deemed it advisable to send in a few shells. We are assured by citizens in that direction that the enemy were surprised at the accuracy of our fire at such distance, and from information since obtained we are led to conclude that the accuracy and activity of our artillery and skirmish line contributed largely to deter them from making the intended assault on Monday night. Colonel Thompson, with the First Provisional Regiment, reported during the afternoon. The night was passed by the men on their arms in the forts and rifle-pits, fully prepared for any emergency, and all in line by 3 a. m.

During the morning more or less skirmishing. The sharpshooters in the house heretofore mentioned became so troublesome to our advance line that we found it necessary to shell it. At the same time Colonel Gile ordered up a company of Veteran Reserve Corps to advance under cover of our fire and destroy the building. hey advanced gallantly until very near the building, when they were opened on by the enemy from behind a breast-work of logs and brush. They were compelled to retire, the enemy being in such force. I am not advised as to the casualties. The captain commanding was slightly wounded. The enemy, immediately on seeing the demonstration against said building, commenced sending in re-enforcements across the fields in plain view. We opened on them, when they commenced retiring in considerable confusion. Were rallied by a field officer, but finally obliged to desist, retreating in the direction of Wilson’s.

While the above operations were pending Fort Stevens was actively engaged, having opened on the Lay Hotes (reported to you as Biair’s house), sending in a portion of the Sixth Corps, the whole line from right of Fort Stevens to left of Fort De Russy being actively engaged.

The great activity on Tuesday night undoubtedly had its effect in causing the hasty withdrawal of the enemy. The forces all rested on their arms during the night in the forts and rifle-pits, and were in line by 3 a. m., in accordance with your orders.

Early on Wednesday morning I communicated to you the movement of troops in the direction of Rockville, and that there were no signs of the enemy. In accordance with orders I risked a scout of ten men, which soon verified the absence of any enemy in our immediate front.

Colonel, you are well aware of the commanding view this position has of the whole ground covered on the right by recent demonstrations. I think I am not overestimating when I say that with the exception of half an hour Tuesday evening, when the Sixth Corps went in, that your brigade did as much, if not more, fighting than any other, and to it can be attributed a large share of the credit for the early withdrawal of the enemy.

Much credit is due to Capt. John Norris, of Second Provisional Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, whom you assigned to me as chief of artillery ; also to Colonel Gile, commanding brigade, and Captain Spear, commanding battery. In fact every officer and every man did his duty well. Captain Norris’ report of the artillery practice will be forwarded to you without delay.*

The frequent changes of the forces have been the cause of no reports of casualties being furnished to me. That we punished the enemy severely there is no question.

I should have liked to have given you a more complete report, but my entire staff being on duty at brigade headquarters, and operations commencing the moment I took command, has made that impossible.

n conclusion, colonel, I am, with great regard, JNO. M. C. MARBLE, Colonel 151st Regiment Ohio National Guard, Commanding Forts De Russy, Smead, and Kearny.

Fort Reno, D. C., July 12, 1864.

COLONEL: We had quite a number of casualties to-day. The greatest number was caused by the attempt to take a barn I signaled you about yesterday. It has been filled with sharpshooters that have troubled our pickets a good deal. We opened on the building with the ioGesounder Parrott, hoping to knock it to pieces and burn it. Under our fire we had a company advance to take it. They were met by a much superior force and driven back with great loss proportionate to the number Sate I will send you a full list of casualties as soon as ascertained. The building I speak of is about 1,700 yards distant, just over the crest of second ridge, and the most reliable information we can get leads us to think that they are aiming to plant a battery there. If so, it will trouble us a good deal. From the force they had at it and the promptness with which they sent reenforcements (strong) they deemed it a very desirable point. We drove all their re-enforcements back. With your consent we will effectually shell the position and try and destroy the house, which I

think quite desirable. JNO. M. C. MARBLE, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Col. J. M. WARNER, Commanding Brigade, Fort Reno, D. C.

Report of Lieut. Col. Joseph A. Haskin, Additional Aide-de-Camp, U.S. Army, commanding Second Brigade, of the defense of Washangton.

Washington, D. C., July 18, 1864. I have respectfully to make the following report of the military operations oF the Second Brigade on the 11th and 12th instant : On receiving the report of my cavalry pickets that the enemy was advancing toward Fort Stevens, about 11 a. m. of the 11th instant I

gave the necessary instructions to the commanding officer of that fort,

Guard, to prepare the fort for action. I then proceeded to Fort Slocum, my headquarters, which was at once put in order to repel an attack. The company of cavalry under my command destroyed the two bridges north of Fort Slocum to prevent the enemy from using them to advance on our right. This company, under Captain Hotopp, Eighth Illinois Cavalry, did great service in front of the whole line of Second Brigade and particularly in obtaining information of the position of the enemy. The enemy made his appearance in front of Fort Stevens about 11.30 a. m. on the 11th and advanced a line of skirmishers about 1.30 p. m. nearly to Fort Stevens, when the first shot was fired from Fort Slocum. The enemy showed himself only in small bodies, which accounts for the few shots fired on both days.

On the afternoon of the 12th the enemy advanced on the Baltimore railroad to about three and a half miles from Fort Lincoln, as I am informed, but made no other demonstration on that line. On my arrival there about 6 p. m. I found General Gillmore making arrangements to receive them.

For more particular information of the troops engaged in the garrisons, I respectfully refer to the reports of Col. W. H. Hayward and Lieut. Col. J. N. Frazee, One hundred and fiftieth Ohio National Guard, and of J. N. Abbey, captain Second Pennsylvania Artillery, herewith inclosed.

‘Yo Colonel Hayward and the officers of his regiment in command of the forts east of Fort Slocum great credit is due for the good condition of their commandsand their efficient service. To LieutenantColonel Frazee and the officers and men under his command at Fort Stevens, to Captain Abbey, Second Pennsylvania Artillery, Captain Heine, Fourteenth Michigan Battery, and Captain Nevins, One hundred and fiftieth Ohio National Guard, stationed at Fort Slocum, great praise is due for their vigilance, coolness, and activity during the whole time the enemy was in sight. The garrisons of these forts were very small, and the addition of the sick and convalescent artillery soldiers added materially to their strength. But few shots were fired from the two forts, as will beseen from the reports. The strength of the garrison and surgeon’s report of the casualties will be forwarded as soon as received.

I would respectfully call your attention to the good conduct of my acting assistant adjutant-general, Lieut. T. Goodwillie, and of my acting assistant inspector-general, George W. Tibbitts, both of One hundred and fiftieth Ohio National Guard.

On the morning of the 13th the major-general commanding department directed me to report to him in person, at which time I received orders appointing me chief of artillery of the department, with instructions to inspect at once the defenses on the south side of the Potomac. This duty and the delay in receiving reports has prevented me from forwarding an earlier and fuller report.

J. A. HASKIN, Lieutenant-Colonel, Aide-de-Camp, Commanding.

Report of Col. William H. Hayward, One hundred and fiftieth Ohio Infantry, of the defense of Washington.

HEADQUARTERS 150TH Ohio NaTIONAL GUARD, Fort Bunker Hill, July 17, 1864.

CoLONEL : I herewith submit a report of the part taken by the One hundred and fiftieth Regiment Ohio National Guard in the engagements of July 11 and 12, in front of Forts Stevens and Slocum, D. C

On the 8th instant I received information that the cnemy were moving in the direction of Washington, and immediately commenced preparation for a vigorous defense of the forts from Eastern Branch to Fort Stevens, inclusive, which were garrisoned by my regiment. Trees were cut down, and the ground cleared of everything that could afford a shelter for sharpshooters.

On the 11th instant the enemy made their appearance near the Blair farm, on Seventh-street pike, and drove in our pickets. At that time the entire line from Seventh street to Bladensburg was picketed by men belonging to my regiment. At 11a. m. Monday the pickets at posts 1 and 2 commenced skirmishing with the enemy’s advance, but were obliged to retire, which was done in good order, disputing every inch of the ground, and giving ample time to alarm the garrisons at the forts. The pickets at posts 3 and 4 held their ground till the enemy deployed a line of skirmishers in front of Fort Stevens, and to the left of Seventh street, when they were compelled to retire, but joined the skirmishers sent out by Major-General McCook, remaining with them till late in the evening. The remainder of the picket-line was not disturbed. Company K, Captain Safford, was stationed at Fort Stevens, and did good work at the guns, showing that time had not been wasted in their artillery instruction. For a detailed account of the firing I refer you to the report of Lieutenant-Colone] Frazee, One hundred and fiftieth Ohio National Guard, who commanded at that post.

Company G, Capt. John Nevins, was stationed at Fort Slocum. They had charge of and worked the guns in the eastern angle of that fort. How they conducted themselves you had opportunities of judging, having been present most of the time. I also refer to report of Captain Abbey for statement of firing at Fort Slocum. The garrisons at the other forts took no active part in the engagement, but were at their posts ready and willing to do their duty in defense of the national capital and the old flag.

I have to report the loss of 1 man, William E., Leach, Company K, who was severely wounded on picket, and died the next evening.

W. H. HAYWARD, Colonel 150th Ohio National Guard.

Col. J. A. Haskin, Commanding Second Brigade.

No. 32. Report of Lieut. Col. John N. Frazee, One hundred and fiftieth Ohio Infantry, of the defense of Washington. Fort STEVENS, D. C., July 16, 1864.

Sir: I have the honor to make the following report of operations against the enemy near Fort Stevens, D. C., on the 11th and 12th

At 11 o’clock on the morning of the 11th the enemy commenced the attack on the picket-line in my front (which line was picketed by Company K, One hundred and fiftieth Regiment Ohio National Guaray: who fell back slowly fighting the enemy, losing 1 man wounded, who has since died. The enemy’s line of skirmishers continued to advance until they were within a distance of 150 yards of our immediate front and 50 yards of our right. They held their

round for a while, being covered by an orchard, when we opened Bre upon them with the following shots: One 30-pounder Parrott percussion-shell, when they fell back about 300 yards farther; two shell (percussion) were thrown 1,254 yards, which exploded in their midst; five percussion-shell were then thrown into a grove, distance 1,050 yards, all burst and drove the enemy back; two 30pounder Parrott percussion-shell were then thrown at a body of cavalry on the pike, distance 2,000 yards, which struck and exploded in their midst, and scattered them. At 4 p. m. I directed two 30-pounder Parrott shell to be fired at enemy in rear of old target, distance 1,256 yards, which dislodged them. We fired one 30pounder Parrott shell at Carbery’s house, which was filled with the enemy’s riflemen; the shell struck and exploded; also one 30pounder percussion, distance 1,600 yards, fired at the enemy in the road in front of old target, burst and did good execution. At 6p. m. the enemy advanced again and stationed themselves behind the old target, distance 1,256 yards. Six 24-pounder fuse-shell were fired at them, which exploded and caused them to evacuate; this closed the firing for the day.

On the morning of Tuesday, July 12, we opened upon the enemy with three 30-pounder Parrott percussion-shell, directed at Carbery’s house; distance, 1,078 yards. The first exploded from some unknown cause at a distance of five yards and killed one of our skirmishers ; one passed to the right and exploded ; the third fell 20 yards short and exploded. Three shots (30-pounders) were directed at Rives’ house; distance, 1,050 yards, which dislodged a number of the enemy’s riflemen. At 11a. m. two solid shots were fired at old camp, distance, 1,950 yards, at a body of infantry, which apparently did good execution. Four percussion-shells were then fired at Rives’ house to dislodge the enemy, all of which passed over. Four 30pounder percussion-shells were fired at Carbery’s house, 1,078 yards, striking and doing good execution. One 24-pounder shell was fired at carriage shop, distance 2,075 yards, which struck on Seventh-street pike. Four 30-pounder Parrotts were fired into the grove to right of pike, distance 1,050 yards ; effect, not visible. At 6 p. m. General McCook ordered every gun brought to bear upon Carbery’s house to dislodge the enemy’s riflemen, who were holding our skirmishers in check. I fired ten 24-pounder shell, ten 30-pounder Parrott, one 8-inch howitzer, two 10-inch mortar, which set the house on fire and obliged the enemy to fall back, and our skirmish line was enabled to advance. Eight shots were then directed to Rives’ house, 1,078 yards,

by order of General McCook, and all passed

through. Five 30-pounder shells and four 24-pounder shot were
fired at carriage shop, distance 2,075 yards, all falling among the
enemy's cavalry and causing them to retire. One 24-pounder shell.
two 30-pounder percussion-shell, and one 24-p under shot were fired
at the enemy in column en masse in field in front of fort, distance
2,200 yards, causing them to deploy in line of battle. They advanced and two 30-pounder shell were fired at them in ravine back of Carbery's house, distance 1,200 yards, which exploded and caused them
to retire.
The only casualty in the fort was 1 surgeon wounded in leg (name
Editor's Notes
From: Operations in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, Pt. 1. Summary: McCook reports assuming command of Forts De Russy, Kearny, and Battery Smead during July 1864 and details troop deployments and initial operations near Fort Stevens.
Sources
The War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 37, Part 1 View original source ↗